Short- and Long-term Evolutionary Dynamics of Bacterial Insertion Sequences: Insights from Wolbachia Endosymbionts

Short- and Long-term Evolutionary Dynamics of Bacterial Insertion Sequences: Insights from Wolbachia Endosymbionts

Transposable elements (TE) are one of the major driving forces of genome evolution, raising the question of the long-term dynamics underlying their evolutionary success. Long-term TE evolution can readily be reconstructed in eukaryotes, thanks to many degraded copies constituting genomic fossil records of past TE proliferations. By contrast, bacterial genomes usually experience high sequence tu...

the effects of keyword and context methods on pronunciation and receptive/ productive vocabulary of low-intermediate iranian efl learners: short-term and long-term memory in focus

از گذشته تا کنون، تحقیقات بسیاری صورت گرفته است که همگی به گونه ای بر مثمر ثمر بودن استفاده از استراتژی های یادگیری لغت در یک زبان بیگانه اذعان داشته اند. این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیر دو روش مختلف آموزش واژگان انگلیسی (کلیدی و بافتی) بر تلفظ و دانش لغوی فراگیران ایرانی زیر متوسط زبان انگلیسی و بر ماندگاری آن در حافظه می پردازد. به این منظور، تعداد شصت نفر از زبان آموزان ایرانی هشت تا چهارده ساله با...

Long Term versus Short Term Evolutionary Design

Evolutionary dynamics of insertion sequences in Helicobacter pylori.

Prokaryotic insertion sequence (IS) elements behave like parasites in terms of their ability to invade and proliferate in microbial gene pools and like symbionts when they coevolve with their bacterial hosts. Here we investigated the evolutionary history of IS605 and IS607 of Helicobacter pylori, a genetically diverse gastric pathogen. These elements contain unrelated transposase genes (orfA) a...

Long-term and Short-term Effects of Financial Intermediation on Economic Growth

Financial intermediation in Iran's banking system is negatively affected at least in two ways. First, there are many similarities between financial intermediation and usurious activities in the common interpretation of interest-free banking law. This encourages the banks to participate in various commercial activities. Second, the price setting policies of the central bank makes investment more...